The next BriefingsDirect digital strategies interview examines why many businesses struggle with cloud computing adoption, and how they could improve by attaining a culture directed at cloud consumption and total productivity.
Due to inertia, a lack of skills, and even outright hostility, some enterprises are stumbling in their march to cloud use due to behavior and perception -- and not the actual technology hurdles.
We will now hear from an observer
of cloud adoption patterns on why a cultural solution to adoption may be more
important than any other aspect of digital business
transformation.
Here to help us explore why cloud inertia can derail business advancement is Edwin Yuen, Senior Analyst for Cloud
Services and Orchestration, Data Protection, and DevOps at Enterprise Strategy Group (ESG). [Note:
Since this podcast was recorded on Nov. 15, 2018, Yuen has become
principal product marketing manager at Amazon Web Services.] The discussion is moderated by Dana Gardner,
Principal Analyst at Interarbor Solutions.
Here are some excerpts:
Gardner: Edwin, why are enterprises finding themselves unready for public cloud adoption culturally?
And what that generates is a
variability in the cost of consumption; a variability in cost of cloud. A lot
of companies very quickly realize that they don’t have variable budgets -- they
have fixed budgets. So they need to think about how they use cloud and the
consumption cost for an entire year. You can’t just go about your work and have
some flexibility but then find that you are out of budget when you get to the
second half of the third or fourth quarter of the fiscal year.
The economic reality is that it
just doesn’t work that way. People need to be more flexible,
and that’s exactly what the providers have been adapting to. But the providers will
also have to allow you to consume in a way that allows you to lock down costs.
But that only occurs when the organization works together in terms of its total
requirements as opposed to just simply going out and using it.
The key for improved
cloud adoption is opening the lines of communication, bridging the
divides, and gaining new levels of understanding. As in the restaurant analogy,
the chef says, “Well, I can add these ingredients, but it will change the
flavor and it might increase the cost.” And then the finance people say, “Well,
if we make better food, then more people will eat it.” Or, “If we lower prices,
we will get more economies of scale.” Or, “If we raise prices we will reduce volume
of diners down.” It’s all about that balance -- and it’s an open discussion among
and between those three parts of the organization.
Gardner: Your
title is even an indicator that you have to rethink things -- not just in
slices or categories or buckets -- but in the holistic sense. Your long, but
very apropos, job title really shows what we have been talking about that
companies need to be thinking differently.
Some people are concerned that
if we build a lot of automation and orchestration, that they will automate themselves
out of a job. But realistically what we have seen is with cloud and with
orchestration is that IT is getting more complex, not less complex. Different
environments, different terminologies, different way to automate, the
complexities of integrating more than just the steps that IT has – this has created
a whole new area for IT professionals to get into. Instead of deciding what
button to press and doing the task, they will automate the tests. Then we are left
to focus on determining the proper orchestration, of coordinating amongst all
the other areas.
Here are some excerpts:
Gardner: Edwin, why are enterprises finding themselves unready for public cloud adoption culturally?
Yuen: Culturally
the issue with public cloud adoption is whether IT is prepared to bring in public
cloud. I bring up the IT issue because public
cloud usage is actually really high within business organizations.
 |
| Yuen |
At ESG, we have found that cloud
use is pretty significant -- well over 80 percent are using some sort of public
cloud service. It’s very high for infrastructure- (IaaS) and platform-as-a-service
(PaaS).
But the key here is, “What is
the role of IT?” We see a lot of business end-users and others essentially
doing Shadow IT – of going
around IT if they feel like their needs are not met. That actually increases
the friction between IT and the business.
It also leads to people going
into the public cloud before they are ready, before there’s been a proper evaluation
– from a technical, cost, or even a convenience point of view. That can potentially
derail things.
But there is an opportunity
for IT to reset the boundaries and meet the needs of the end users, of thoughtfully
getting into the public cloud.
Gardner: We may
be at the point of having too much of a good thing. Even if people are doing
great things with cloud computing inside of an organization, unless it’s strategically
oriented to process, fulfillment, and a business outcome, then the benefits be
can lost.
Plan before you go to public cloud
Yuen: When
line of business (LOB) or other groups are not working with core IT in going to
the public cloud, they get some advantages from it -- but they are not getting
the full advantage. It’s like going from an old piece of smartphone technology,
at 7 or 8 years old, and then only going up to the fifth or sixth best phone. It’s
a significant upgrade, but it’s not the optimal way to do it. They’re not
getting the full benefits.
The question is, “Are you
getting the most out of it, and is that thoughtfulness there?” You want to
maximize the capabilities and advantages you get from public cloud and minimize
the inconvenience and cost. Planning
is absolutely critical for that -- and it involves core IT.
So how do you bring about a
cultural shift that says, “Yes, we are going into the public cloud. We are not
trying to stop you. We are not being overly negative. But what we are trying to
do is optimize it for everybody across the board, so that we as a company can
get the most out of it because there are so many benefits -- not just
incremental benefits that you get from immediately jumping in.”
Gardner: IT
needs to take a different role, of putting
in guardrails in terms of cloud services consumption, compliance,
and security. It seems to me that procurement is also
a mature function in most enterprises. They may also want to step in.
When you have people buying
goods individually on a credit card, you don’t necessarily take advantage of
volume purchasing, or you don’t recognize that you can buy things in bulk and
distribute them and get better deals or terms. Yet procurement groups are very
good at that.
Is there an opportunity to
better conduct cloud consumption like with procuring any other business
service, with all the checks, balances, and best practices?
Cut cloud costs, buy in bulk
Yuen: Absolutely,
and that’s an excellent point. I think people will often leave out procurement,
auditing, acquisitions or whatever department that there is for cloud. It
becomes critically important organizationally, especially from the end-user
point of view.
From the organizational point
of view, you can lose economies of scale. A lot of the cloud providers will
provide those economies of scales via an enterprise agreement. That allows for purchasing
power to be taken.
Yet if individuals go out and
leave procurement behind, it’s like shopping at a retailer for groceries
without ever checking for sales or coupons. Buying in volume is just a smarter
way to centralize the entire organization so you can leverage it. It becomes a
better cost for the line of business, obviously. Cloud is really a
consumption-based model, so planning needs to be there.
We’ve talked to a lot of
organizations. As they jump into cloud, they expect cost savings, but sometimes
they get an increase in cost because once you have that consumption model
available, people just go ahead and consume.
We've
talked to a lot of organizations. As they jump into cloud, they expect
cost savings, but sometimes they get an increase in cost because once
you have that consumption model available, people just go ahead and
consume.
You can’t budget on open-ended
consumption. It requires a balance across the organization, where you have
flexibility enough to be active -- and go into the cloud. But you also need to
understand what the costs are
throughout the entire lifecycle, especially if you have fixed
budgets.
Gardner: If
you get to the fourth quarter and you run out of funds, you can’t exactly turn
off the mission-critical applications either. You have to find a way to pay for
that, and that can wreak havoc, particularly in a public company.
In the public sector, in particular,
they are very much geared to a CAPEX budget. In cities, states, and the federal
government, they have to bond large purchases, and do that in advance. So, there
is dissonance culturally in terms of the economics around cloud and major
buying patterns.
Yuen: We
absolutely see that. There was an assumption by many that you would simply want
to go to an OPEX model and leave the CAPEX model behind. Realistically, what
you’re doing is leaving the CAPEX model behind from a consumption point of view
-- but you’re not leaving it behind from a budgeting and a planning point of
view.
The key for organizational
change is to drive a culture where you have flexibility and agility but work
within the culture to know what you want to do ahead of time. Then the
organization can do the proper planning to be fiscally responsible, and
fiscally execute on the operational plan.
Gardner: Going
to a cloud model really does force behavioral changes at the holistic business
level. IT needs to think more like procurement. Procurement needs to get more
technical and savvier about how to acquire and use cloud computing services. This
gets complex. There are literally thousands, if not tens
of thousands, of SKUs, different types of services, you could
acquire from any of the major public cloud providers.
Then, of course, the LOB people
need to be thinking differently about how they use and consume services. They
need to think about whether they should coordinate
with developers for customization or not. It’s rather complex.
So let’s identify where the cultural
divide is. Is it between IT of the old caliber and the new version of IT? Is it
a divide between the line of business people and IT? Between development and
operations? All the above? How serious is this cultural divide?
Holistic communication plans
Yuen: It
really is all of the above, and in varying areas. What we are seeing is that
the traditional roles within an organization have really been monolithic roles.
End-users were consumers, the central IT was a provider, and finances were
handled by acquisitions and the administration. Now, what we are seeing, is
that everybody needs to work together, and to have a much more holistic plan. There
needs to be a
new level of communication between those groups, and more of a
give-and-take.
It’s similar to the running of
a restaurant. In the past, we had a diner, that was the end user, and they
said: “I want this food.” The chef says, “I am going to cook this food.” The management
says, “This food costs this much.” They never really talked to each other.
They would do some back-and-forth
dialog, but there wasn’t a holistic understanding of the actual need. And, to
be perfectly honest, not everybody was totally satisfied. The diners were not
totally satisfied with the meal because it’s wasn’t made the way they wanted. They
weren’t going to pay for something they didn’t actually want. Finance fixed the
menu prices, but they would have liked to charge a little bit more. The chef really
wanted to cook a little bit differently or have the ability to shift things around.
This is the digital
transformation we are seeing across the board. It’s about IT being more
flexible, listening to the needs of the end users, and being willing to be
agile in providing services. In exchange, the end users come to IT first,
understand where the cloud use is going, and can IT be responsive. IT knows better
what the users want. It becomes not just that they want solutions faster, but
by how much. They can negotiate based on actual requirements.
And
then they all work with operations and other teams and say, “Hey, can we get
those resources? Should we put them on-premises or off-premises? Should we
purchase it? Should we use CAPEX, or should we use OPEX?” It becomes about
changing the organization’s communication across the board and having the
ability to look at it from more than just one point of view. And, honestly,
most organizations really need help in that.
It’s not just scheduling a
meeting and sitting at a table. Most organizations are looking for solutions
and software. They need to bridge the gap, provide a translation of where
management of software can come together and say, “Hey, here are the costs
related to the capacity that we need.” So everyone sits together and says, “Okay,
well, if we need more capacity and the cost turns into this and the
capacity turns into that, you can do the analysis. You can determine if
it’s better in the cloud, or better on-premises. But it’s about more than just bringing
people together and communicating. It has to provide them the information they
need in order to have a similar discussion and gain common ground to work
together.
Gardner:
Edwin, tell us about yourself and ESG.
Pathway to the cloud
Yuen:
Enterprise Strategy Group is a research and analyst firm. We do a lot of work
with both vendors and customers, covering a wide range of topics. And we do
custom research and syndicated research. And that backs a lot of the findings
that we have when we have discussions about where the market is going.
I cover cloud orchestration
and services, data protection, and DevOps, which is really
the whole spectrum of how people manage resources and how to get the most out
of the cloud -- the great optimization of all of that.
As background, I have worked
at Hewlett
Packard Enterprise (HPE), Microsoft, and at several
startups. I have seen this whole process come together for the growth of the
cloud, and I have seen different changes -- when we had virtualization, when we
had great desktops, and seeing how IT and end-users have had to change.
This is a really exciting time
as we get public cloud going; more than just an idea. It’s like when we first
had the Internet. We are not just talking about cloud, we are talking what we
are doing in the cloud and how the cloud helps us. And that’s the sign of the
maturity of the market, but also the sign of what we need to do in order to
change, in order to take the best out of it.
This
is a really exciting time as we get public cloud going. It's more than
an idea. We are talking about how the cloud helps us. That's a sign of
maturity and what we need to do to take the best out of it.
So that gets me to the issue
about skills. So maybe the typical IT person -- and I don’t want to get into
too much of a generalization or even stereotyping -- seems to be content to
find a requirement set, beaver along in their cubicle, maybe not be too
extroverted in terms of their skills or temperament, and really get the job
done. It is detail-oriented, it is highly focused.
But in order to accomplish
what companies need to do now -- to cross-pollinate, break down boundaries,
think outside of the box -- that requires different skills, not just technical
but business; not just business but extroverted or organizationally aggressive
in terms of opening up channels with other groups inside the company, even
helping people get out of their comfort zone.
So what do you think is the
next step when it comes to finding the needed talent and skills to create this
new digitally transformed business environment?
Curious IT benefits business
Yuen: In
order to find that skill set, you need to expand your boundaries in two ways.
One is the ability to take
your natural interest in learning and expand it. I think a lot of us,
especially in the IT industry, have been pushed to specialize in certain things
and get certifications, and you need to get as deep as possible. We have closed
our eyes to having to learn about other technologies or other items.
Most technical people, in
general, are actually fairly inquisitive. We have the latest iPhone or Android.
We are generally interested. We want to know the market because we want to make
the best decisions for ourselves.
We need to apply that
generally within our business lives and in our jobs in terms of going beyond
IT. We need to understand the different technologies out there. We don’t have
to be masters of them, we just need to understand them. If we need to do
specialization, we go ahead. But we need to take our natural curiosity --
especially in our private lives -- and expand that into our work lives and get
interested in other areas.
The second area is accepting
that you don’t have to be the expert in everything. I think that’s another
skill that a lot in business should have. We don’t want to speak up or learn if
we fear we can’t be the best or we might get corrected if we are wrong.
But we really need to go ahead
and learn those new areas that we are not expert in. We may never be experts,
but we want to get that secondary perspective. We want to understand where
finance is coming from in terms of budgetary realities. We need to learn about
how they do the budget, what the budget is, and what influences the costs.
If we want to understand the
end users’ needs, we need to learn more about what their requirements are, how an
application affects them, and how it affects their daily lives. So that when we
go to the table and they say, “I need this,” you have that base understanding
and know their role.
By having greater knowledge
and expanding it, that allows you to go ahead and learn a lot more and as you
expand from that area. You will discover areas that you might become interested
in or that your company needs. That’s where you go ahead, double-down, and take
your existing learning capabilities and go really, really deep.
A good example is if I have a
traditional IT infrastructure. Maybe I have learned virtual machines, but now I
am faced with such things as cloud virtual machines, containers, and Kubernetes, and with
serverless.
You may not be sure in what direction to go, and with analysis paralysis
-- you may not do anything.
What you should do is learn
about each of those, how it relates, and what your skills are. If one of those technologies
booms suddenly, or it becomes an important point, then you can very quickly
make a pivot and learn it -- as opposed to just isolating yourself.
So, the ability to learn and
expand the skills gap creates opportunities for everybody.
Gardner: Well,
we are not operating in a complete vacuum. The older infrastructure vendors are
looking to compete and remain viable in the new cloud era. They are trying to
bring out solutions that automate. And so are the cloud vendors.
What are you seeing from cloud
providers and the vendors as they try to ameliorate these issues? Will new
tools, capabilities, and automation help gain that holistic, strategic focus on
the people and the process?
Cloud coordinators needed
Yuen: The
providers and vendors
are delivering the tools and interfaces to do what we call automation
and orchestration. Sometimes those two terms get mixed
together, but generally I see them as separate. Automation is taking an
existing task, or a series of tasks or process, and making it into a single,
one-button-click type of thing. The best way I would describe it is almost like
an Excel macro. You have steps 1, 2, 3, and 4, I am going to go ahead and do 1,
2, 3 and 4 as a script with a single button.
But orchestration
is taking those processes and coordinating them. What if I need to have
decision points in coordination? What if I need to decide when to run this and
when not to run that? The cloud providers are delivering the APIs, entry points,
and the data feedback so you have the process information. You can only
automate based on the information coming in. We are not blindly saying we are
going to do one, two and three or A, B and C; we are going to react based on
the situation.
So we really must rely on the
cloud providers to deliver that level of information and the APIs to execute on
what we want to do.
And, meanwhile, the vendors
are creating the ability to bring all of those tools together as an information
center, or what we traditionally have called a monitoring tool. But it’s really
cloud
management where we see across all of the different clouds. We can see
all of the workloads and requirements. Then we can build out the automation and
orchestration around that.
The
vendors are creating the ability to bring all of those tools together
as an information center, what we traditionaly called a monitoring tool.
But it's really cloud management across all of the different clouds.
So as the management has gone
up a level, the skills and the capabilities for the operators are also going to
go up.
Gardner: It
seems to me that this is a unique time in the long history of IT. We can now apply
those management principles and tools not just to multicloud or public cloud,
but across private cloud, legacy, bare-metal, virtualization, managed service
providers, and SaaS applications. Do you share my optimism that if you can, in
effect, adjust to cloud heterogeneity that you can encompass all of IT
heterogeneity and get comprehensive, data-driven insights and management for
your entire IT apparatus regardless of where it resides, how it operates, and
how it's even paid for?
Seeing through the clouds
Yuen:
Absolutely! I mean that’s where we are going to end up. It’s an inverse of the
mindset that we currently have in IT, which is we maintain a specific type of
infrastructure, we optimize and modify it, and then the end result is it’s
going to impact the application in a positive way, we hope.
What we are doing now is we
are inverting that thinking. We are managing applications and the applications
help deliver the proper experience. That’s what we are monitoring the most, and
it doesn’t matter what the underlying infrastructure or the systems are. It’s
not that we don’t care, we just don’t care necessarily what the systems are.
Once we care about the
application, then we look at the underlying infrastructure, and then we
optimize that. And that infrastructure could be in the public cloud, across
multiple providers, it could be in a private cloud, or a traditional backend and
large mainframe systems.
It’s not that we don’t care
about those backend systems. In fact, we care just as much as we did before –
it’s just that we don’t have to have that alignment. Our orientation isn’t
system-based or application-based. Now, there potentially could be anything -- and
the vendors with systems management software, they are extending that out.
So it doesn’t matter if it’s a
VMware
system, or a bare metal system, or a public cloud. We are just managing the end-result
relative to how those systems operate. We are going to let the tools go ahead
and make sure they execute.
Our ability to understand and
monitor is going to be critical. It’s going to allow us to extend out and
manage across all the different environments effectively. But most importantly,
it’s all affecting the application at the top. So you’re becoming a purveyor
and providing better skills to the end-users and to finance.
Gardner: While
you’re getting a better view application-by-application, you’re also getting a
better opportunity to do data analysis across all of these different
deployments. You can find ways of corralling that data and its metadata and
move the workloads into the proper storage environment that best suits your
task at the moment under the best economics of the moment.
Not only is there an application
workload benefit, but you can argue that there is an opportunity to finally get
a comprehensive view of all of the IT data and then manage that data into the
right view -- whether it’s a system of record benefit, application support
benefit or advanced analytics, and even out to the edge.
Do you share my view that the
applications revolution you are describing also is impacting how data is going
to be managed, corralled, and utilized?
Data-driven decision making
Yuen: It is,
and that data viewpoint is applicable in many ways. It’s one of the reasons why
data protection and analysis of that data becomes incredibly important. From
the positive side, we are going to get a wealth of data that we need in order
to do the optimizations.
If I want to know the best
location for my apps, I need all the information to understand that. Now that we
are getting that data in, it can be passed to machine learning (ML)
or artificial intelligence
(AI) systems that can make decisions for us going forward. Once we
train the models, they can be self-learning, self-healing, and self-operating.
That’s going to relieve a lot of work from us.
Data also impacts the end-users.
People are taking in data, and they understand that they can use it for
secondary users. It can be used for development, it can be used for sales. I
can make copies of that data, so I don’t want to touch the production data all
the time. There is so much insight I can provide to the end users. In fact, the
explosion of data is a leading cause of increased IT complexity.
We want to maximize the
information that we get out of all that data, to maximize the information the
end-users are getting out of it, and also leverage our tools to minimize the negative
impact it has for management.
Gardner: What
should enterprises be doing differently in order to recognize the opportunity,
but not fall to the wayside in terms of these culture and adoption issues?
Come together, right now, over cloud
Yuen: The
number one thing is to start talking and developing a measured, sustainable
approach to going into the cloud. Come together and have that discussion, and don’t
be afraid to have that discussion. Whether you’re ready for cloud or you’ve already
gone in and need to rein it back in. No matter what you need to do, you always
have that centralized approach because that approach is not going to be a
one-time thing. You don’t make a cloud plan and then not revisit it for 20
years -- you live it. It’s an ongoing, living, breathing thing -- and you’re
always going to be making adjustments.
But bring the team together,
develop a plan, build an approach to cloud that you’re going to be living with.
Consider how you want to make decisions and bring that together with how you
want to interact with each other. That plan is going to help build the
communication plan and build the organization to help make that cultural shift.
Companies honestly need to do
an assessment of what they have. It’s surprising that a lot of companies just
don’t know how much cloud they are using. They don’t know where it’s going. And
even if it’s not in the cloud yet, they don’t know what they need.
A lot of the work is
understanding what you have. Once you build out the plan of what you want to do,
you essentially get your house in order, understand what you have, then you
know where you want to go, where you are, and then you can begin that journey.
The biggest problem we have
right now is companies that try and do both at the same time. They move forward
without planning it out. They may potentially move forward without
understanding what they already have, and that leads to inefficiencies and
cultural conflicts, and the organizational skills gaps issues that we talked
about.
So again, lay out a plan and
understand what you have, those are the first two steps. Then look for
solutions to help you understand and capture the information about the
resources you already have and how you are using them. By pulling those things
together, you can really go forward and get the best use out of cloud.
Listen to the podcast. Find it on iTunes. Read a full transcript or download
a copy. Sponsor: Hewlett Packard Enterprise.
You may also be
interested in:
- Who, if anyone, is in charge of multi-cloud business optimization?
- A discussion with IT analyst Martin Hingley on the culmination of 30 years of IT management maturity
- How global HCM provider ADP mines an ocean of employee data for improved talent management
- Inside story: How HP Inc. moved from a rigid legacy to data center transformation
- Dark side of cloud—How people and organizations are unable to adapt to improve the business
- Better management of multicloud IaaS proves accelerant to developer productivity for European gaming leader Magellan Robotech
- Ryder Cup provides extreme use case for managing the digital edge for 250K mobile golf fans
- How hybrid cloud deployments gain traction via Equinix datacenter adjacency coupled with the Cloud28+ ecosystem
- HPE and Citrix team up to make hybrid cloud-enabled workspaces simpler to deploy
